Autism, ADHD, and Reading

Reading and comprehension are essential skills for academic success, but for individuals with autism or ADHD, these processes can present unique challenges. While both conditions are distinct, they can impact reading in ways that require specialized support and strategies.

For individuals with ADHD, challenges related to focus, impulsivity, and working memory can render reading a frustrating experience. They may find it hard to maintain attention on a text, often lose their place, or struggle to retain what they have just read. Processing speed might also be impacted, making it difficult to follow longer passages or grasp complex ideas. Even if decoding words is not an obstacle, extracting meaning from the text and recalling key details can prove challenging without structured support, such as guided reading strategies, active note-taking, or listening to audiobooks alongside printed text.

For individuals on the autism spectrum, reading difficulties often arise from challenges with comprehension rather than decoding. Although many autistic individuals can read fluently, they may have trouble understanding figurative language, inferring meaning, or grasping the social context of a story. Literal thinking can hinder the interpretation of metaphors, sarcasm, or implied messages, leading to confusion or misinterpretation of the text. Structured interventions that focus on breaking down abstract concepts, using visual supports, and connecting text to personal experiences can greatly enhance comprehension.

Recognizing how ADHD and autism affect reading is the first step in finding effective support. Tailored interventions, such as structured literacy programs, visual aids, and multi-sensory learning techniques, can significantly improve individuals’ reading and comprehension skills. With the right accommodations, students with ADHD and autism can develop a deeper understanding of text and build confidence in their reading abilities.